Traditional Landrace (South Indian region)

**Traditional South Indian Landraces** represent a category of cannabis genetics that are not the product of a single, modern "breeder" or "seed bank" in the commercial sense. Instead, they are ancient, regionally adapted populations (landraces) that have evolved over centuries through natural selection and traditional agricultural practices in the South Indian subcontinent, particularly in regions like Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. **History & Origin:** These plants are among the original, unhybridized genetic foundations of the cannabis species (*Cannabis indica* or *Cannabis indica ssp. indica*). They have been cultivated by local communities for generations, primarily for the production of traditional hashish (known as *charas* or hand-rubbed resin) and for use in Ayurvedic and folk medicine. Their history is deeply intertwined with local culture and spirituality, often associated with festivals and worship, particularly of the Hindu deity Shiva. **Contributions & Genetics:** South Indian landraces are renowned for their unique and potent psychoactive profiles. They are typically characterized as **pure indica** or broad-leafleted varieties, known for producing a profoundly heavy, sedative, and narcotic physical effect—often described as a "couch-lock" or stone. The aromas and flavors are often deeply earthy, woody, spicy, and hash-like. Their primary contribution to the global cannabis gene pool is this quintessential, powerful **indica effect**. While not as common in modern hybrid catalogs as some North Indian or Afghan landraces, South Indian genetics have been used historically by breeders to instill extreme resin production, dense bud structure, and heavy sedation into hybrid lines. They are considered a treasure trove of rare and valuable traits for breeding. **Philosophy & Status:** The "philosophy" here is one of **preservation and authenticity**. These landraces are heirloom cultivars, maintained through open pollination and selection by local farmers. They are adapted to specific South Indian microclimates, including tropical and subtropical conditions. In the modern era, they are considered **"legendary"** foundational genetics. However, they are increasingly rare and threatened by globalization, eradication campaigns, and the introduction of modern hybrid varieties. Their value lies in their genetic purity and historical significance as one of the original sources of the indica plant type. Collectors and preservationists seek them out to maintain genetic diversity for future breeding.